The other giant planets in the solar system, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune, keep their rings sharp with the help of their inner moons as well. Ring shepherds are not only found in the system of Saturn. Though they are not as close to the rings as the others, the co-orbital moons Janus and Epimetheus also function as herder moons. The other two shepherds, Prometheus and Pandora, maintain the F ring. Pan and Daphnis are within the Encke gap and the Keeler Gap respectively while Atlas lies close to the edge of the A ring.
Saturn has three moons shepherding the A ring. These moons are also called herder moons and watcher moons. In a way, shepherd moons “herd” the ring materials of Saturn. That sort of “kick” sculpts the edge of Saturn’s rings or keeps the ring gaps open. Those materials are deflected by the gravitational influence of the moons, keeping them in place. A shepherd moon comes to the rescue when that happens.Īs shepherd satellites orbit their parent planet, they come across loose ring materials along the way. Because of the movement, particles can go off track and diverge from the ring. Saturn’s rings move and orbit around it at different speeds. Remember that planetary rings are made up of dust, ice, and all kinds of debris suspended in space. One could even consider the photographs as art and the charts as maps.Ring shepherd moons help keep the shape of a planet’s ring. Note on terminology: photographs and charts are differentiated here as follows - photographs are the original representations of the moon, in black and white, and without the overlay of interpretive graphics and text charts are those same base images, in blue and white, mediated by overlaid interpretive graphics and text.
#MOON ATLAS KUPIER SERIES#
The Rectified lunar atlas contains "a series of high-quality photographs of the lunar surface as it would appear if viewed from above" (Introduction). In the Orthographic atlas of the moon, "the most representative photographs of each of the 44 fields or provinces into which the visible lunar surface was divided in the Photographic lunar atlas are reproduced, supplied with the standard orthographic grid. 14058.000), and the Rectified lunar atlas : Supplement two in 1963, by the Aeronautical Chart and Information Center, United States Air Force (see Pub List No. (Lacks sets A1 and F1.) According to the Introduction of the Photographic lunar atlas: "The purpose of this Atlas is to present the surface record of the moon as shown on the best photographs now available." Two supplemental volumes were published subsequently: the Orthographic atlas of the moon : Supplement one in 1961 by the University of Arizona Press (see Pub List No. Housed within a box enclosure, these photographs appear in alphabetized sets separated by tabs, beginning with the Introduction, which includes Photographs and Charts 1-11, and followed by: A2-A7 (each numbered set includes parts a-d), B1-B8 (a-d), C1 (a-f), C2-C7 (a-f), C8 (a-f), D1 (a-f), D2-D7 (a-d), D8 (a-f), E1-E8 (a-d), F2-F7 (a-d), and S1-S35.
Of these, 94 are from Mount Wilson 63, Lick 52, McDonald 41, Yerkes and 31, Pic du Midi. The totals are therefore 230 sheets and 281 photographs. It is accompanied by a text booklet, which includes metrics: The main body of the Atlas has 184 sheets containing 212 photographs the Introduction contains 11 sheets with 5 photographs, the Supplements 35 sheets with 63 photographs.
The Photographic lunar atlas was published in 1960 by The University of Chicago Press. Photograph of the moon - in black and white - showing part of the globe, with corresponding data available in booklet.
#MOON ATLAS KUPIER FULL#
Zoomable full resolution image available at.
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